dummer



(No Model.)

E. DUMMER.

ELECTRICAL SIGNAL.

No. 288,558. Patented Nov. 18, 1888.

mi w L el' adapting my invention.

LCTRCAL SGNL.

SPECXFCTIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,556, cla'zcfi November 13, 1883.

Ami.

no applicable on einer ronds, or where it is dio'rahle io utilize vibration oi the ground for signaling hy elerlrieity, haring for oh- ',ieet :i ineihoil oi' ind ineens i'or ooinining he reqnie'ie :nothin oi' ningnei, zirnnilnre, orroil for amending elrfirie iinlnilzses or currents; eeeording to irellii'nown principles oi' inneiietoeleetrieity, said ineens inelin'lilngy nove-l dexfeee which anni' also he eniployiifd ii: :in :rpparnins for innliing' nd hrenlcing cirenii, where :i liaiieiy or einer onifide Sourate ol' eleoiri need.

it is of ny invention i0 eonveri the filmiiion of any; 'part oi' :i railway, or oi' ihe lwd ol' fury ril-zei, or of the ground, inl'o vibrdion or 'niotion of any port ol' e system ol' magnet', nrnnil nre, end coil, whereby :in eleeirie rnrrenii or impulse is generated. li; also appears ihzit puri of theapimratus which is oi' my inven-l tion and' to eonreri sai-ld vibration, ns slated nhove-mainely, that part which is :in inelosed ezine constructed so that the parte. sides, or n'lls Lhereoi' :1re rigidly joined together, so :is to he vibratori ns e whole, or n port or side vihra'redae n niet-.diiediaphragm-4e usel'nl in ii device for makingnndln'eziliingeireni' when n. heilery is employed, Therefore i )nelle {,he following Somewhat exlensive deseripiion in Order to Show hon', forvarions ndniitzil ion, the Sziid Vibration inziylie :ipl'ilied i'orl'fhe purpose named, and also hon' the inelosod ezine nniylie iidnped in iniikingzind breaking eireuit. The f 'tinis particularly distinguish that which is new and oi the .one invention.

Vin the drawings i have Shown variousA ways The ignreS of the drawings will he deseribed insufficientdetriil in connection with the sereral pzirts of the explanation ot' ny invention hereinafter fully set fori-h.

llereol'ore in eleffirie riiilwny-sigfinils il hns s ilion leil September l, i992, (No model.)

been miniemen-y to ohinin that nioi'ion oi' meehanisni necessary for geneiwitiin;` the eleetrie euri-ent by menne of e lever or other projee` tion, Whieh is Htrnel: other peri oi' or n projection from n leeonio- 'Live or eur. Such fenlrivzineesnreobjection able for many renferme. ilie lever or ollier equivalent device :ind niiendnnb .mechanism is more or le exinmed io ihny neniihrr, only he :weideninlly olisnrnelrd, :ind muy he lzinr pei-ed with.

A. .Q'one or einer elije-eli inziygei under he lever, :ind rml. diri, :ind olher zieenninlntions lill line joins :Ind hearings, iinA i'iedinglhenoi-lf heparin. ".l`helererorolher projui'lion im' :iii-ziel; with ronsidefrxlhle loree when ille l'rein if; in rapid nio( ion. Snell blows are, l'or oiwiolm4 redeem, very l'lz'iriineniiil, :ind Snell (leviers nred ronxlnnl mire und l'reqneni repairs.

Any observing person `will noline ihm' when :i wheel oi' l ronioti're or enr passes over :my inni ol' :i ruil Limi puri,- nioi'es.loirnwnrd to :in exigent *very p0reei l,il und springs linel; lo iin norninl position :iller the wheel posses oil'. This motion results from i'he bending; of the mil bei wenn the sleepers, sind in nlsoowing: lo n :slight sluwe lielin'een the rail :ind :sleeper und n. inormnenl` ol ille sleeper iiselll The sleeper springs slighl ly end @elllen` ton dee-ree, ille rondlhed iherenniler heinev .slightly com4 pressed. ihereirialso:iirrnihlingoiifiierond bed, giving rise to lhn rnlnhlinggsonnd which inn)Y he heard soinwlinljnnei-anni'. propose io utilize lhre inoirnnilis-01111, :i inn-l, or :lll oi' rhein-io ohinin ihn' innlion ol'niei-lmnimfi required lor the imrjnmws nmnwl, ihm'. reqnir ingh nolhing' 1o he :novell direrily lij; the locomotive, "er, or rnrring'e einer llnin ilizii, which is now :i port oi" :i rziil way or 1'o1nl--1nin1ely, ihe ruil, sleeper, or rondhed.

ln the drznving's, Figuren i, 2,14, nndziie intended o illustrate how the device nniy he loeeted. it may :inelinle :i rloxed ense, A, placed directly under :i rziil, B, :is Shown in Fig. 1, ininncdintely under ii sleeper, (l, Fig'. 2, einbeddedin ihe rondjlmi, i), simply, :is Shown in Fig'. S, or il'y inziylie located directly on the end of nn exteniied sleeper, E, Fig. 4, or on n post, F, erected onsneh sleeperl), Fig. It' the posit if"weresiinplysei,in lilieground in or neantlie 1ondln-d,il would, lo :i degree,

and inermi hy a wher-,l or

IOO

be moved by a passinglocomotive, car, orearriage. and this movement might be utilized to operate the device in its most sensitive forms. l prefer to employ a simple closed 1i\\\tallic ease, A, having provision for the exit ot' the wire or wires. The top or one or more sides may be removable tor adjusting the parts inelosed therein. ln Fig. 6 is shown a vertical section ot' such a ease, and in Fie'. 7 a horizontal section ot' the same. rlhe case shown in Figs. tiand T, as also those shown in Figs. lo` and 2li, is supposed to have a rigid top and bottom, as well as rigid sides and ends. Such case, placed with reference to the railway. or

road as specified above, will, on the passing' ota locomotive, car, or carriage, be moved or vibrated bodily as itA it were a part ot rail, sleeper, or road-bed. In the ease is placed that which Yl` term a vibrator," (i, which, in Figs. (i and T, is an armature, fr, having'a coil, l1. The arimiture is fastened to a spring, c, which is secured at the other end to a block or stand, d; iixed to the case A. The spring c supports thearm-.iture ci or magnet u having' a core ot' soft iron, in suitable relation to the permanenty magnets c. lived in and to the caso A. \\'hen the case A is moved in rather rapid vibrations, the vibratt'n'ti will liavewhat mabT be called counter vibrations with ret`- erenee to the ease, and the armature or sott core a vibrating to and from the poles or between the opposite poles ot' the magnet s, enrrents ot' electricity will be generated in the coil b, which maybe conducted by the wires/1 These wires may pass into a tube, y. and through this tube to a post or any other suitable support; or insulated wires may simply extend through the side ot' the case, so as to make a tight joint therewith. One ot' the wires f may pass directly to ground and through the medium ot' the case A, it so desired. The case A, as also the tube maybe so tight as to exclude dirt and water. Thus by being` simply placed on, in, orin connection with the rail way or road bed, as specified, its purpose will be gained, and theinclosed mechanism is protect-ed from any injurious blows, accidental or otherwise, and t'rom any obst ructions.

In Fig. S is shown a somewhat different arrangement, in which the vibrator (t is regarded as consisting, mainly, ot' a diaphragm, h, to which the armature or softeore ais attached.

vThe diaphragm, preferably metallic, forms the manent: magnets c, as before.

ln Fic'. itis shown a case A similar to that of FigzS, but smaller, since the inclosed mechanism requires less space. The vibrator G consists, ehietly, ofthe diaphragm li, to which an insulated metallic piece or point, i, is attached. Below this piece j is an insulated metallic plate, 7.'. The piece j and plate reaeh have one end of the looped-in wires I connected therewith, said wires being parts ot the linewire having a battery-connection or one of these wires may be a part of the line-wire connccted with a battery, while the other wire may be considered as a direct connection ot' either the piece j or plate with the ground. The vibrator-thatis, the diaphragm and pointj-moving as and from like causes as in the other arrangements, the pointj will collie in contact with and be carried away from the plate 7.', and hence the electric circuit will be alternately completed and broken.

ln Fig. l0 is again shown a case A having' rigid top as well as rigid bottoni, sides, and ends. The vibrator (t consists of a double pointed and insulated metallic piece, m,which is supported by a spring', c, as the armature o1.' sott core is supported in Figs. t and 7, and has similar movements t'i'oin like causes. This piece m makes alternate contact with the two insulated metallic plates n and o. \\'ires are suitably connected willi all three insulated metallic parls,with the line-wire. battery, and le'round, 'it' desired, to produce the required ettects when the circuit is alternately completed and broken by the vibration ot' the piece nl.

A case A of somewhat diti'erent shape is shown in Fic'. ll. ,lt maybe a cylinder having' the sides, top, and bottom iit'id. A. coil, p, is tixedly secured to the case. and the vibrator (l is a permanent magnet. so supported by the spiral springs f/ and i' thatV it may vibrate up and down in the coil. tnrrents may thus be generated in the coil according to principles well known. and may be conducted to any place and in the manner desired .y wires, parts ol' which are. shown.

'.lhe t'orm ol' Fig. lt.- is somewhat similar to` that ot' Fig'. ll, with this exception--namely, that the vibrator (i consists ot a diaphragm, h, having the straight magnet attached thereto, to vibrate in the coil n. tixed to the case A. The electric results and connections are like tothose pertaining to the arrangement shown in Fig. 1;.

t Particular attention is called to the forms shown in Fig'. 13, which is an external view. and Fig. lt, which shows a central vertical section, ot' the ease .X and the arrangement ot the inclosed parts. ln this t'orm the device may be likened somewhat to a magnetotelephone. The vibratort is the diaphragm. Its mass ot' metal may, however, be increased by a central plate, The magnet u is surrounded by a coil, i', the ends ot' the wire extending, as shown, to make the desiredconncetions, Such an ins'i: 'uncut will operate in a manner like to that :a a telephone, and it' a suitable rcceivine'instrument--as. t'or in- IIO great degree.

esame :i

stance, an ordinary telephone-be connected with the wires, rather than simple electric devices for ringing abell or bells or for mov ing a visible signal, as especially contemplated with the arrangements herein described, not onlyr may the fact that a train is approaching be indicated, but, in a measure, the character of the train, l'or no two trains will cause like vibrations in the rail way or road bed. XVhile this form ot` the device in which my vibrator is applied may be li l; ened somewhat to a magnetotelephone, yet. it must be borne in mind that the moving force is immensely greater than that for which such telephones are adapted.

It is well to note here that while in all forms of adapting my vibrator the movement is through a distance quite short, yet a mass may be moved ample for all practi ral purposes on account of the great weight of a locomotive, car, or carriage, andthe consequent powerful vibrations caused thereby. Even it' the roadbed is ot' verysolid material, or is frozen, the vibrations speeilied will be found to exist in a it' a receiving-iustrument on the telephonie principle is used in connection with the deviee,.as illustrated in Figs. 13 and `l.i, it should be of much heavier construction than ordinary telephones, so that the sounds may be heard at greater distancesM For simply making and breaking circuit. as contem plated by the arrangements oi' Figs. t) and 10, when a battery is employed, very light vibrations only will be necessary.

in Fig.,15 I have shown how the Vibrator may be et'nployed as a prime mover in mechanismtor producinga revolving motion. The vibrator is here in the form ota diaphragm. Against this diaphragm bears a level', 1e, pivot-ed at 'c, and bearing a pawl, y. This pawl moves a ratchet-wheel, and thus a shalt bearing a balancc-wheel and electro-magnet is revolved. The electro-magnet heilig revolved before ,the poles ot' a permanent magnet, currents ot' electricity are generated which may bey conducted and applied by` well known means. lu this arrangementIwish to call attention particularlylotheihct that t-he distance of lnption may beincreased by the use ot' a lever. A'lever may be connected with the vibrator, ,or the vibrator itself may have the lin-ee which causes its vibration applied to it, so that it may be a lever to increase the distance ot' mo- 4l tion, and this may be done in many ways so simple that it is not necessary to par'lif-nlarize.

Ot' course itis to be understood 'that when the vibrations are utilized t'or generating` electric currents orielpnlses the coil shown in the apparatus is in a closed circuit. ,lhe ground may form part ol' the circuit when desired and feasible.

I have spoken ot signaling on other roads than railways. rl`he vibrator adapted to be moi ed. b v the vibral ions ol'the road-bed might be located in ctnmection with. an ordinary carriage-road, so as to indiealethcapproach ol'a carriage--llml is, be a part ot the electrical apparatus tor that pui} iose-operating as and performing the ol'liee herein set i'orth.

Though in the ligures of the drawings from Fig. S tolfig. '15,inclusive, the vibrat orisshown as placed directly under a sleeper, yetit should not be inferred that it is confined to this location. Any of the locations shown in figures from l to 5, i nclusiv e, may be adopted as deemed best, bearing in. mind that the vibration of the rail is through a greater distance than that of asleeper, and that the vibration otlrihe sleeper is greater than that ol` thc roadbed. To prevent the displacementof thoeaseA when ity is desirable to keep it in contact with rail or sleeper, it or the diaphragm thereof may be bolted or rigidly secured to the rail or sleeper.

l claim as my invention l.. The (nnnbination, with a roadway, of a magneto-gcnerator and circuit therefor, substantially as set forth, the vibrator, which is a member of said generator, being supported substantially as describet'l, whereby it has vibrations relative to the other members ot' the generator caused by the vibrating roadway which is vibrat ed by a passing vehicle.

2. '.t'he ctnnbination, with a rail ay, ot' a. magneto-generalor and a circuit therefor, subst ritially as set forth, the vilnator,which is a member ot' said generator, being` supported substantially as described, whereby it .has vi b ations relative to the other Vnnanbeis.ot' the generator caused by some vibrating par tot' the railway which -is vibrated b v a passing train.

3. ln combination with a roadway, a box or case conn cited with seine vibrating part of said roadway which is vibrated by a passing vehicle, and a vibrator which is an element in an electric signaling apparatus supported in said box-or ease, substantially as described, whereby it has vibrations relative to said boi; or case caused by said vibrating partof the roadway acting on said vibrator through the medium ot said box or case, or part thereof, substantially as set forth,

4. Vln combination with a railway, a box or case connected with some vibrating part of said railway which is vibraled by a passing train, and a vibrator which is an element in an electric signaling apparatus supporttal in said box. or case, substantially as described, whereby it has vibrations relative to said box or case caused by said vibratingl part ot' the railway acting ou said vibrator through the medium ol" said box or case, or part thereof, substantially as set forth.

.'i. in electric signaling apparatus, the combination ol' a roadway, a 11mglreto-generator and circuit,- therel'or, and an inc-losing box or case having au elastic reciprocating side or diaphragm earr \,'iiig the armature oi' the generator and placed in Contact with some portion ot' the roadway, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l. ln electric railway signaling apparatus, the combination oi' a railway, a magnetorgen ornt'or and circuit thcrcl'or7 :ind :in inclosing box', or msc haring' :in clnstic rcciprocntwing sido or diaphragm carrying thc nrinntm'c of thc gcncrntior und plnccd in contact with sonic part, oi.' thc railway, substantially :is :1nd 'l'or tho pnrposo sci; i'orl'h.

i'. Tho combination of" :i roadway, u how. or ruso having :in clnstio rcciprocoting sido or diaphragm :rnd plncod in Contact with sonic portion ct sind roadway, n inng'nciogcnoratoiinT-:iid box or coso, :nid circnt-connections for smid gcncrntor, t'licnioi'ingg par@ of sind gcncr ador hein;x conncctcd to Suid rcciprocnt'ing sido or diaphragm, substantially as und ifor thcpnrpos-c sut forth; f

o. Tho conibiindiion ot' r,r:iil\vay, n. box or msc haringa un clnstic rcciprocati sido or diaphragm :rnd plnccd in contact with sonic patri; ot' said railwnypa inirgiicio-generator in sziid hoif or caso, und circnit-connccii inis for .sind 4igcncrnpor, 'rho moving part of solid gcncr ntor 'boing conncctcdto smid rccipro'cnting sido nphrnin, substantially :is and for thc pnrt; orth.

i.hc inctliod sct forth in clcct'vric signading7 which nicthod consists in inducing on :i

' pornnincntlyclosed circuit, including :in ninrni dcvico, clcctric currents or impulsos corro il. Tho combination, substantially as dcscriiicd, ol' u 'road-bod in which trcrnnlons vbrntions arc produced by the passage of avclaiclc or n, train of vchiclcs with a mechanical vilmrtory generator ot' electricity in a closed signnlingwircuit; and located in proximity to thc rond-l od, as sct forth. l

l2. As :in improvement in thc orfot" railway sigiinliiig,ti1c incthod of generating signa-ling cnrrcntisgvhich consists in transmitting thc vilnzrtions of sonic parti of thc railway caused closl to :ivilnz'itory mechanical generator of clcciririty.l substantially 11s sci'l forth.

EDXVARD DTMM'FQ" 1' Win il. DRUM', H. lil. Dnrnr'. 

